Iowa

Iowa gained statehood in December 1846. Prior to 1988, the state mostly voted Republican, choosing a candidate from that party all but five times from the Civil War years through 1984. While a battleground every four years, Iowa had sided with the Democrats in six of seven elections from 1992 through 2012. That changed dramatically in 2016, when Donald Trump won the state by over 9%, a 15 point swing from 2012 when Barack Obama won the state by about 6%. Trump won by 8% over Joe Biden in 2020.

Iowa has gradually lost electoral clout as the state’s population growth has been slow relative to the rest of the country. With six electoral votes today, the state has fewer than half of the 13 it had from the 1880s through the 1920s. Despite this, the competitiveness (usually) of the general election vote and the importance of its caucuses, which kick off the nominating process every election cycle, have given the citizens of the Hawkeye State outsized influence on who ultimately gets elected president.